Esimweni sanamuhla esikhethekile samazwe ngamazwe, ipuleti elivikela inhlamvu (noma amathayili avikela inhlamvu) liyaziswa kakhulu ngabantu, kodwa emakethe ipuleti elivikela inhlamvu liningi, umehluko wokusebenza mkhulu kakhulu, ngokusho kwezinto ezibonakalayo, inqubo kanye nezinye ipuleti elivikela inhlamvu elivamile lingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu, okungukuthi ipuleti elivikela inhlamvu lensimbi, ipuleti elivikela inhlamvu le-polyethylene PE kanye nepuleti elivikela inhlamvu le-ceramic, izinhlobo ezintathu zepuleti elivikela inhlamvu ngalinye linezinzuzo kanye nokungalungi, ukukhetha nakho kudinga ukucatshangelwa okubanzi. Khetha ipuleti elivikela inhlamvu, kudingeka ugxile ezicini ezintathu isisindo, intengo kanye nekhono elivikela inhlamvu (okungukuthi izinga elivikela inhlamvu), namuhla sivela kulezi zici ezintathu zezinhlobo ezintathu zokuhlaziywa nokuqhathanisa kwepuleti elivikela inhlamvu.
1. Ipuleti lensimbi elingangenwa yizinhlamvu
Ipuleti lensimbi elingangenwa yizinhlamvu liye lasetshenziswa kusukela eMpini Yezwe II futhi labusa imakethe engangenwa yizinhlamvu emashumini eminyaka edlule. Kodwa ngemva kokuthuthukiswa kwepuleti le-polyethylene PE elingangenwa yizinhlamvu kanye nepuleti le-ceramic elingangenwa yizinhlamvu, ipuleti lensimbi elingangenwa yizinhlamvu lashintshwa kancane kancane. Lisasetshenziswa nanamuhla, kodwa ngamanani amancane.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nepuleti elisha elingangenwa yizinhlamvu, ipuleti lensimbi elingangenwa yizinhlamvu kulula ukuliphula ngemva kokudutshulwa, okuzobangela umonakalo wesibili emzimbeni womuntu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto ezimbili, ipuleti lensimbi elingangenwa yizinhlamvu elinezinga elifanayo lokuvikelwa liyasinda, lidla amandla amaningi futhi linciphisa ukuguquguquka komuntu ogqokile.
Nakuba ipuleti lensimbi elingangenisi izinhlamvu liyintengo ephansi kakhulu kulezi zingxenyana ezintathu, kodwa ngokuvamile, alinconywa njengokukhetha kokuqala.
2. Ipuleti elingangenwa yizinhlamvu le-polyethylene PE
I-Polyethylene PE uhlobo olusha lwezinto ezisetshenziswa yi-thermoplastic. Ipuleti elingangeni zinhlamvu le-Polyethylene PE lenziwa ngokubopha imicu ye-polyethylene enesisindo sama-molecule esiphezulu eqondene nebhodi le-polyethylene elinobukhulu obuphezulu. Lisikwa libe yisimo, libekwe esikhumbeni, bese licindezelwa ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu kanye nengcindezi ukuze kutholakale ipuleti le-armor eliqinile eliqinile. I-polyethylene “inamathela” ebhuletini ngokuncibilikisa i-polyethylene ngenxa yokungqubuzana okubangelwa ukujikeleza kwenhlamvu. Lapho ukujikeleza kuyeka, akukho ukushisa okukhiqizwayo, bese i-polyethylene iphola futhi iqine kabusha.
Ikhwalithi yepuleti le-polyethylene PE elivikela izibhamu ngokuvamile liyi-1 kuya ku-1.5kg, lilula kakhulu kunepuleti lensimbi elivikela izibhamu kanye nepuleti le-ceramic elivikela izibhamu. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yemikhawulo yenqubo yamanje yezinto ezibonakalayo, ipuleti le-PE elihlanzekile lingafinyelela izinga lokuvikela eliphakeme kakhulu le-NIJ III, lingakwazi ukuzivikela ezinhlamvini ezibhoboza izibhamu kanye nezinhlamvu ezinamandla kakhulu, futhi izindleko eziphezulu ze-polyethylene PE, intengo yalo ivame ukubiza kakhulu ngo-200% kuya ku-300% kunepuleti le-ceramic elivikela izibhamu, akuyona inketho enhle.
3. Ipuleti elingangenwa yizinhlamvu ze-ceramic
Izinto zokufaka ze-ceramic zingasebenzisa izinto ezahlukahlukene, ezivame kakhulu yi-alumina, i-silicon carbide kanye ne-boron carbide. Izinto zobumba azinazo izinhlamvu ngenxa yokuqina kwazo okuphezulu, amandla, kanye nokungangeni kwamakhemikhali ezindaweni eziningi. Kungcono kunensimbi ngoba izinto zensimbi zizokhiqiza ukuguqulwa kwepulasitiki futhi zimunce amandla lapho zimelana nokushaywa yi-warhead, kuyilapho i-ceramic ingeke ikhiqize ukuguqulwa kwepulasitiki futhi i-warhead izobe ibuthuntu noma iphuke ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu kanye nezici zobunzima. I-ceramic engangeni izinhlamvu kanye ne-high strength high modulus fiber composite plate ungqimba olungenazinhlamvu, lapho i-projectile yesivinini esiphezulu kanye ne-ceramic layer ishayisana, ukuqhekeka kwe-ceramic layer noma ukuqhekeka kanye nendawo yokuthinta njengendawo ephakathi nendawo ezungezile ukuze idle iningi lamandla omzimba we-projectile, bese kuba i-high modulus fiber composite plate ukuze idle amandla asele omzimba we-projectile. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-ceramics ethuthukisiwe ezinhlelweni zempi kuyakhanga kakhulu futhi sekuyisivikelo esisetshenziswa kabanzi sempi yomzimba, izimoto, izindiza kanye neminye imishini.
Ububi bepuleti le-ceramic ukuthi ngemva kokushaywa, indawo yokushayisana ayikwazi ukuvikela inhlamvu futhi. Kodwa manje ipuleti le-ceramic selilula futhi linamandla kunangaphambili, abanye abakhiqizi bangenza isisindo salo sisondele epuletini le-PE, futhi ngokusebenzisa izinto ezahlukene bangahlangabezana nesisindo, intengo nezinye izidingo.
Ngosayizi ofanayo onezinga elifanayo lokuvikelwa, ipuleti elingangenwa yizinhlamvu ze-ceramic lilula kunepuleti elingangenwa yizinhlamvu zensimbi, futhi intengo iphansi kunepuleti le-PE le-polyethylene futhi ngisho nobukhulu bungaba buncane.
Ngokuvamile, ipuleti lensimbi elingangeni zinhlamvu lilula futhi liphansi, kodwa isisindo sikhulu kakhulu, futhi kulula ukulimaza umsebenzisi; Nakuba ipuleti le-polyethylene PE lingangeni zinhlamvu lilula, kodwa ikhono lokumelana nezinhlamvu liphansi, futhi intengo ibiza kakhulu; Uma kuqhathaniswa, ipuleti le-ceramic elingangeni zinhlamvu aligcini nje ngokuba nekhwalithi yokukhanya, intengo ephansi, kanye nekhono lokumelana nezinhlamvu lihle kakhulu; Ukusebenza kwepuleti le-silicon carbide ceramic elingangeni zinhlamvu kukhulu kakhulu epuletini le-alumina, kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yepuleti elingangeni zinhlamvu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-26-2022