Le nkampani ithatha ubuchwepheshe kanye nenqubo yobumba ethuthukisiwe emhlabeni njengomgomo wokusungula izinto ezintsha, yamukela imishini yobungcweti kanye nezinsimbi zokuhlola, ilawula ngokuqinile ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, futhi ihlinzeka nge-Y-ZR, A-ZR, FZTA kanye ne-silicon carbide kanye nezinye izingxenye zobumba ezinamandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nezingxenye zobumba zobunjiniyela ezimelana nokushisa okuphezulu ezimakethe zasekhaya nezangaphandle. Phakathi kwazo, izinto zobumba ze-A-ZR zisetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eyahlukene yezimboni ngokusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu kwezindleko kanye nekhwalithi ethembekile.
Ngenxa yamandla ethu okukhiqiza ngemishini yokugaya ngokunemba, siyakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngezingxenye eziningi ze-zirconia ceramic ezisezingeni elihlukile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zamakhasimende zokuhlanganisa ngokunemba okuphezulu.
1) Amandla aphezulu;
2) Ukumelana nokugqwala;
3) Ukumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu, ukuzithambisa okuhle.
Ifanele i-valve core, isikhunta, ithuluzi lokusika, ibhereyitha, umgodi, indandatho yokuvala, i-liner, njll.
| A-ZR | I-Y-ZR | I-FZTA | |
| Okuqukethwe kwe-ZrO2 | 90% | 94.5% | 40% |
| Ubuningi g/cm³ | >5.9 | >6.0 | >4.8 |
| Ubulukhuni (HRA) | >89 | >89 | >89 |
| Amandla Okugoba (i-MPa) | >1100 | >1000 | >600 |
| I-Modulus of Elasticity (GPa) | 230 | 200 | 180 |
| I-Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity (W/Wm.k) | 4 | 3 | 6 |
| Ukuqina Kokuphuka (MPa.m½) | 10 | 8 | 3.5 |
| Ukumelana Nokugqwala | A+ | A | A+ |
| Ukumelana Nokugqokwa Kokushisa Okuphezulu | A+ | A | A |
| Ukumelana Nokuguguleka Emazingeni Okushisa Ajwayelekile | A+ | A+ | A |
| Ukumelana Nokukhathala | A+ | A | A+ |